Ground Water And Water Table


Oceanography - Concepts
Class - General Awareness For SSC Subjects
 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Ground Water And Water Table

Groundwater: Less than one percent of earth's water is found underground. If oceans are excluded, and only the sources of freshwater are considered, the proportion of groundwater acquires more significance. The largest volume occurs as glacial ice. Second in rank is groundwater, with slightly more than 14 percent of the total water available on earth. However, when ice is exeluded and just liquid water is consideren, more than Patent is ground water. Geologically, groundwater is important as an erosional agent. The dissolving action of groundwater is responsible for producing the surface depressions known as sinkholes as well an creating subterranean caverns. Another significant role is as an equaliser of stream flow, Much of the water that flows in rivers is not transmitted directly to the channel after falling ns rain. Groundwater thus a form of storage that sustains streams during periods when rain does not fall.

The Water Table: The water table, the upper limit of the zone of saturation, is a very significant feature of groundwater system. The water table level is important is predicting the productivity of wells, explaining die changes in the flow of springs and streams, and accounting for fluctuations in the levels of lakes.

A number of factors contribute to the irregular surface.of water table. For example, variations in rainfall and permeability from place to place can lead to uneven infiltration and thus to diference in the water table level. However, the most important cause is simply the fact that ground water moves very slowly and at varhing rates under different conditions. Because of this, water tends to 'pile up beneath high areas Stream Valleys. If rainfall were to cease completely, these water table 'hills' would slowly subside and gradually apPproach the level of the valleys. Most groundwater must migrate thirough the pore space in rock and sediment. If permeability remains uniform, the velocity of groundwater will increase as the slope of the water table increases.  

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